Healthcare Staffing Shortage Example

Human services Staffing Shortage Example Human services Staffing Shortage †Coursework Example Human services Staffing Shortage al Affiliation Healthcare Staffing Shortage Manpower is the most significant asset in any medicinal services settings. Human asset chiefs ought to guarantee that they can draw in and furthermore hold the best workforce in the setting. This can be guaranteed through a far reaching structure for choosing, on-boarding and drafting the best work force in social insurance establishments. There are different ways that human asset supervisors can manage the issue of staff lack in medical clinics. This paper will investigate the choices that a chief may consider.Public-private PartnershipThis choice includes having the general population and private wellbeing foundations cooperating to guarantee that social insurance conveyance has the best work force. The association additionally guarantees that all the terms and conditions in both are comparative along these lines lessening the pace of turnover in both (Isgur, 2008). Further, the organization goes to the de gree of guaranteeing quality preparing of social insurance experts. Workforce preparing and programs advancement is one of the products of such a partnership.Technology-driven TrainingTo lessen the quantity of staff required in an establishment, embracement of innovation is critical. At the point when innovation is very much applied in the medicinal services setting, there is time put something aside for patients care and execution of different exercises that can't be automated (Isgur, 2008). Choosing staff who have specialized aptitudes is along these lines important.Conducive Working SpaceThe best representatives are pulled in and held in workplace that are protected and helpful. As of now, adaptability of jobs guarantees that representatives feel fulfilled and free as opposed to being tied up by jobs (Isgur, 2008). Chiefs ought to guarantee this adaptability is there and kept up. At the point when this is in this way, serious staff are effectively pulled in and retained.Performan ce Review and FeedbackThrough audit of representatives execution, supervisors can recognize zones that workers feel need changes and correct (Isgur, 2008). Giving positive audit criticism assists with creating representatives and support them.References Isgur, B. (2008). Mending The Health Care Staffing Shortage. Trustee.

Preventing Bioterrorism Essay -- Biodefense, Biological Attack

September 11, 2001, connotes the most significant crossroads in United States history. It denotes an extraordinary change in perspective in the disposition of United States towards psychological oppression. Preceding September 11, arrangements to ensure against fear mongering were punctured with in battling between government organizations, an absence of brought together insight sharing, and general astonishment. This occasion denotes the start of the biggest development in the United States insight network. The United States expanded security all around the board, opened up and incorporated its organizations, and started to get ready for new sorts of psychological militant assaults. The nation never encountered a bio-psychological oppressor assault, but then the danger is genuine. From the Cold War, the United States completely comprehended the mischief organic weapons can incur. The assaults of September 11 exhibit the arrangement against residential fear based oppressor assaults a nd the harm psychological militant can cause. As the United States keep on expanding its protection from psychological oppression, it is basic it comprehends and gets ready for a potential bio-fear based oppressor assault. There are numerous occasions all through which show the potential fiasco a determined bio-psychological oppressor assault can make. The Black Death of the fourteenth century delineates how rapidly and how savage an illness can spread. The plague began in China and showed up by means of exchange courses to Europe by the mid-fourteenth century. Before the finish of the fourteenth century, the ailment executed the greater part the world’s populace. The world saw its first instance of natural fighting during the French and Indian Wars. English officer of the North America powers, Sir Jeffrey Amherst, requested his soldiers to give to Native Americans covers invaded with smallpox. As result, Native Ame... ...emonstrated the quiet idea of such assaults and the harms they can correct on huge populaces. The maladies of the fourteenth century, the utilization of smallpox against the Indians, and the purposeful Salmonella harming in the 1980’s embody this reality. The fall of the Soviet Union in the 1990’s alongside other political occasions, brought about huge measures of bio-specialists vanishing and falling into an inappropriate hands. Adversaries guarantee it is excessively mind boggling and requires such a large number of assets to complete enormous scope assaults; be that as it may, with organic weapons, a couple of tainted individuals can spread the illness to thousands. The advanced strategies of psychological warfare are flighty, surprising, and ready to execute thousands. As fear based oppressors become progressively sorted out and subsidized, it is fundamental that the United States increment its capacities at forestalling and protecting against bio-psychological m ilitant assaults.

Top Universities Ranked by Profession

Top Universities Ranked by Profession The OE Blog The Good University Guide has released a list of the best UK universities for specific professions, revealing some unexpected highs and lows for some of our best known higher education institutions. Oxford and Cambridge Universities are surprisingly conspicuous by their absence from several of the tables, but in many cases this is simply due to the fact that the rankings focus on vocational courses, many of which are not offered by the elite Oxbridge pair. Nonetheless the rankings show a fascinatingly varied picture of excellence across quite a variety of UK universities; a refreshing change from the usual suspects who tend to top the more generic league tables year after year. The results suggest that it is well worth investigating which universities are best for which subjects before making decisions about applications â€" you might be missing out on the best university in the UK for your subject just because it doesn’t have a fantastic reputation for performance across the board . Medicine The medicine league table starts out as one might expect, with Cambridge University in pole position closely followed by Oxford, but some will be surprised to hear that Aberdeen comes in third and Dundee takes fifth place, suggesting that Scotland reveals hidden gems when it comes to medical training! Many extremely highly-respected universities for medicine actually score rather poorly on the list, with Birmingham, King’s College London and Nottingham all in the lower half of the table. Law Cambridge University leads the field again in the rankings for law, but this time Oxford is pipped to second place by the London School of Economics. Interestingly in this table, the University of Nottingham scores much more highly than in many rankings, notching up an admirable fourth place. Aberdeen and Dundee impress again, coming in sixth and eighth respectively, whilst the usually highly respected University of Warwick plunges to the bottom of the table in 20th place. Business Studies The business studies rankings hold more surprises, with the London universities performing particularly highly. The London School of Economics and Imperial College London take the top two spots, strongly supporting the theory that it is best to study in an area that is closely related to the field in which you hope to go on to work. King’s College London is also among the top five ranked institutions for studying business. Architecture Architecture really shakes up the top spots, with Cardiff University leading the field as the best place to study the subject in the UK. Cambridge is placed second, but other less generally highly performing institutions like the Universities of Bath and Ulster are prestigiously ranked in the top ten. Accounting and Finance Predictably, the London School of Economics leads the pack here, but the University of Warwick swoops back from trailing in many of the other league tables to take second place. Scottish Universities perform very well again, with Edinburgh and Glasgow coming in third and fourth. Durham, a university usually rated very highly on league tables, comes in fifth here, but makes a surprisingly poor showing across most of the rankings. These tables can be immensely valuable for students who are not looking for a prestigious academic institution for its own sake, but for the university most likely to propel them to professional success after a more vocational degree. Often the best universities to attend for future employment and links with relevant industries are not the same universities that are topping the general league tables. So remember, find out which universities are the leaders in your specific vocational field before you apply â€" you might just be surprised.

The Impact Of Culture On An Organization - 1462 Words

Introduction An organisation’s culture can be described as a collection shared experiences over time, by resolution of problems faced in both an external and internal environment (Schein 1990, p.1100). Although, organisational culture is considered a modern concept, a historical viewpoint is explored, to provide evidence of the long held value of this concept to communities, . Furthermore, the formational factors, processes and drivers that develop culture in an organisation, whether positive or negative, will be explored. The effects of culture on an organisation will be investigated, with a case study on the Fà ©dà ©ration Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), by analysing its management structure and dubious ethical standards, as†¦show more content†¦Finally, a summary of important issues and any suggestions on organisational impacts will be made. Background An investigation into organisational culture presents long standing examples of this philosophical vision throughout history (Ritchie et al. 2012,p.1099). Modern strategic management can be compared to ancient versions, in the Hebrew Old Testament. The leadership of the nation of Israel shared striking similarities to the modern concepts of organisational culture, along with other business theories considered contemporary (Ritchie et al. 2012,p.1100). The moral code within the ‘ten commandments’, suggests a strong presence, in Israel, of both deep cultural beliefs and assimilation. Comparatively, modern organisational culture introduces the advantage gained from the empowerment of individuals, improving employee commitment, increasing workforce stability and developing a comprehension of overall strategies by employees (Ritchie et al. 2012, p.1106-1007). Although, it is relatively modern concept, and despite some uncertainty regarding its definition amongst academics, a generally accepted interpretation of organisational culture has developed. Organisational Culture An organisation’s culture was described earlier, as a collection shared experiences over time, by resolution of problems faced in both an external and internal environment. Additionally, to this perception , three main characteristics fundamental to the organisational

Abraham As A Heir Of The World Essay - 1256 Words

Hsieh, Nelson D. Abraham as heir of the world : does Romans 4:13 expand the Old Testament Abrahamic land promises?. The Master s Seminary Journal 26, no. 1 (2015): 95-110. Retrieved from http://web.a.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.liberty.edu/ Hsieh’s argues against the belief that the Old Testament is extended into New Testament times. Using Romans 4:13 this extension of the Old Testament is debunked through explanation of Abraham’s faith in God bringing a multitude of descendants who will come from all nations. Further, â€Å"expansion of the land† and â€Å"inheritance of many nations† will provide the necessary knowledge and a new time that begins with Jesus Christ. The strength in Hesih’s article comes from a clarity in using outlines and chronological reading. The key to this article is presenting Abraham’s offspring as the heir of the world that did not come through the law but through the righteous of faith. This part of the article will provide proof out the first outline item in the paper. Hsieh’s points out that Paul uses â€Å"inheritance language† fifteen other times outside of Roman 4:13. This inheritance has to do with eternal life, the kingdom of God, Abrahamic covenant and righteousness. Inheritance of land is often confused when reading Romans. Hsieh argues well that Abraham is not inheriting land, but inheriting people that are spiritual descendants. Hsieh further argues if Romans 4:13 had to do with land promises then the text would have deep issues of meaning. ThisShow MoreRelatedIslam : A Non Offensive Terminology969 Words   |  4 Pagesspecifically the disenfranchised. Disenfranchised is one of those words that will become more important and politically correct in the future. Islam pronounced that there is only one God, which was the first monotheistic proclamation in the Arab world. 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This paper will talk about how God views covenants in the Gospels, Acts, Paul’s Epistles, the General Epistles, and RevelationsRead More1. Overview Of The Theology Of The Pentateuch.. Theology1422 Words   |  6 Pagestheme found at full length in the Pentateuch is the idea of Covenant promise. These are promises that God secured between himself and his people. For example, Genesis one uncovers a covenant with Ad am and continues further with covenants with Noah, Abraham, Moses, Israel and a renewal with the new generation of God’s chosen people in Deuteronomy. Moreover, each of these covenants has â€Å"it’s own character and scope; and each prepares for and provides the found for, the next†. 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A Messianic prophecy was that the Messiah would be a descendent of Abraham, from the tribe of Judah, and also from King David. The genealogy of Jesus in Matthew 1:2-6 reveals that He descended from Abraham, Judah, and King David. Thus, the author of Matthew is asser ting that according to Jesus’ forefathers, He qualifies as being the

Alliance One International Tobacco Free Essays

The report is aimed at demystifying the world’s second largest leaf tobacco merchant and agro-processing company which has since diversified it portfolio to also integrate other areas of economic development in non-tobacco products such as agricultural financing and also agronomy training. The company is well known of its robust structure and can be said to enjoy managerial economies of scale all looking at various operational aspects such as Operations. Legal, Finance, Marketing but most importantly the human resources aspect of the company is of paramount importance. We will write a custom essay sample on Alliance One International Tobacco or any similar topic only for you Order Now However like any other business the company is also facing uphill challenges predominantly in its Human resources area especially issues to do with performance management faced by alliance one international. The second issue is about training and development. This is followed by the issue of occupational health and safety and integration of all operations and people involved in them including using tried and tested HER systems such as change management. The objective of this report is basically to apply the HER systems such as change management skills to manage the organizations through a case study of. The report consists of overview of including the organizational structure, mission and vision . Alliance one International was founded in 2005 as a result of a merger between two USA based multinational tobacco merchants STANTON or Standard Commercial Tobacco Company and IDIOM Incorporated both world leaders in the leaf processing and merchant industry. As a result of this merger the end result was that of the creation of the world’s second largest leaf merchant business after Universal Leaf Corporation. The report will look t the change management theory and its implementation in addition to demystifying the 3 HER concerns in the company The company traces its history and to the late 1800 with the formation of Dibbers- brothers which was a small time family company in the USA which prospered due to demand of the leaf tobacco domestically and also through foreign trade. Another firm to Join the grab’. Y train in 1907 was Monk Austin which soon made its name in the leaf the STANTON which was more diversified as it had a wool division among other commodities with tobacco being its cash cow unit as it would contribute meaningfully o the overall company results. In 1995 the two companies Dibbers-brothers and Monk Austin agreed to merge resulting in the creation of IDIOM incorporated which again took over INTAKE tobacco worldwide operations which was the world’s fourth largest merchant in 1997. How to cite Alliance One International Tobacco, Papers

Martin Essay Example For Students

Martin Essay altered from holy day, day set aside for the commemoration of an important event. Holidays are often accompanied by public ceremonies, such as parades and carnivals, and by religious observances; they may also be simply a time for relaxation. Days of commemoration are observed throughout the world, e.g., Bastille Day in France, May Day in Russia, and the New Year in China. National holidays are observed throughout a country and are considered legal if proclaimed by the central government. In the United States the state governments have jurisdiction over the celebration of holidays, except with regard to federal employees and agencies. On legal holidays banks and schools are closed and business transactions are restricted. New Years Day, Presidents Day (a combined observance of George Washingtons and Abraham Lincolns birthdays that occurs near the date of Washingtons birthday), the Fourth of July (Independence Day), Labor Day, Veterans Day, Thanksgiving Day, and Christmas Day are lega l holidays observed by all the states. Abraham Lincolns birthday, Memorial Day, Election Day, Columbus Day, and Martin Luther King, Jr.s birthday are legal holidays in most states. Many special occasions are observed by single states or by a group of states, such as Patriots Day (in Massachusetts and Maine) and the Confederate Memorial Day. In 1971 the U.S. Congress created several three-day weekends for federal employees by proclaiming that certain holidays be observed on Monday regardless of their actual dates. Holidays now celebrated on Monday in most states include Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents Day, Memorial Day, Columbus Day and Veterans Day. For religious holidays, see feast. See also bank holidays. 1 See E. M. Deems, ed., Holy-da altered from holy day, day set aside for the commemoration of an important event. Holidays are often accompanied by public ceremonies, such as parades and carnivals, and by religious observances; they may also be simply a time for relaxatio n. Days of commemoration are observed throughout the world, e.g., Bastille Day in France, May Day in Russia, and the New Year in China. National holidays are observed throughout a country and are considered legal if proclaimed by the central government. In the United States the state governments have jurisdiction over the celebration of holidays, except with regard to federal employees and agencies. On legal holidays banks and schools are closed and business transactions are restricted. New Years Day, Presidents Day (a combined observance of George Washingtons and Abraham Lincolns birthdays that occurs near the date of Washingtons birthday), the Fourth of July (Independence Day), Labor Day, Veterans Day, Thanksgiving Day, and Christmas Day are legal holidays observed by all the states. Abraham Lincolns birthday, Memorial Day, Election Day, Columbus Day, and Martin Luther King, Jr.s birthday are legal holidays in most states. Many special occasions are observed by single states or by a group of states, such as Patriots Day (in Massachusetts and Maine) and the Confederate Memorial Day. In 1971 the U.S. Congress created several three-day weekends for federal employees by proclaiming that certain holidays be observed on Monday regardless of their actual dates. Holidays now celebrated on Monday in most states include Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents Day, Memorial Day, Columbus Day and Veterans Day. For religious holidays, see feast. See also bank holidays. 1 See E. M. Deems, ed., Holy-days altered from holy day, day set aside for the commemoration of an important event. Holidays are often accompanied by public ceremonies, such as parades and carnivals, and by religious observances; they may also be simply a time for relaxation. Days of commemoration are observed throughout the world, e.g., Bastille Day in France, May Day in Russia, and the New Year in China. National holidays are observed throughout a country and are considered legal if proclaimed by the cen tral government. In the United States the state governments have jurisdiction over the celebration of holidays, except with regard to federal employees and agencies. On legal holidays banks and schools are closed and business transactions are restricted. New Years Day, Presidents Day (a combined observance of George Washingtons and Abraham Lincolns birthdays that occurs near the date of Washingtons birthday), the Fourth of July (Independence Day), Labor Day, Veterans Day, Thanksgiving Day, and Christmas Day are legal holidays .ue1f6d0bde8d43e3af4b04dc3d4cca59d , .ue1f6d0bde8d43e3af4b04dc3d4cca59d .postImageUrl , .ue1f6d0bde8d43e3af4b04dc3d4cca59d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue1f6d0bde8d43e3af4b04dc3d4cca59d , .ue1f6d0bde8d43e3af4b04dc3d4cca59d:hover , .ue1f6d0bde8d43e3af4b04dc3d4cca59d:visited , .ue1f6d0bde8d43e3af4b04dc3d4cca59d:active { border:0!important; } .ue1f6d0bde8d43e3af4b04dc3d4cca59d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue1f6d0bde8d43e3af4b04dc3d4cca59d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue1f6d0bde8d43e3af4b04dc3d4cca59d:active , .ue1f6d0bde8d43e3af4b04dc3d4cca59d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue1f6d0bde8d43e3af4b04dc3d4cca59d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue1f6d0bde8d43e3af4b04dc3d4cca59d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue1f6d0bde8d43e3af4b04dc3d4cca59d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue1f6d0bde8d43e3af4b04dc3d4cca59d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue1f6d0bde8d43e3af4b04dc3d4cca59d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue1f6d0bde8d43e3af4b04dc3d4cca59d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue1f6d0bde8d43e3af4b04dc3d4cca59d .ue1f6d0bde8d43e3af4b04dc3d4cca59d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue1f6d0bde8d43e3af4b04dc3d4cca59d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Comparing Oedipus and Othello Essay

Guns In America Essays - Firearms, Gun Politics, Gary Kleck

Guns In America Today in America, gun control is a very serious issue. There are different opinions on this issue, the National Rifle Association (NRA), feels that guns are safe when used for protection by responsible citizens, others feel that guns are far to dangerous to be kept in homes, and that guns should not be owned by anyone, only used by the National Guard and law enforcement. These people think their opinions are correct according to the second amendment, the amendment that deals with the bearing of arms by citizens of America, but there have been different interpretations of it. The reason that people feel gun ownership is such a problem is that so many people lose their lives by them each year. Personally, I feel that guns lead to increases in crime, murder, and household accidents. By reducing availability of guns and providing education on gun safety, I think that these things will help make America safer. Before making up my mind on what I felt about the issue, I made sure to consider the opinions of others and to collect statistics. People from the (NRA), who are against gun control, feel that the people are responsible for the negative effects guns have on America. Helen Smith, a forensic psychologist who shares the ideas of the NRA, wrote an article titled "It's Not The Guns". In this article, she talks about the increase in school and youth violence, relating to guns. She blames the children and irresponsible parents. She denies that guns are easier for kids to get today which is understandable because many people keep their guns locked up. Dr. Gary Kleck, a criminologist at Florida State University, defends guns in gun related accidents. He conducted a survey, which showed that there are fewer gun related accidents than there are automobile accidents, falls, drowning, pedestrian, fire, poisoning, and suffocation. As a result of his survey, he said "Subsequently politicians demand mandatory safety classes for all gun owners, yet many more lives could be saved by randomly selecting and educating a group of drivers rather than gun owners, not to mention the populace at large regarding, administering first-aid, how to eat, and basic common sense safety habits." Although these people do have good points, I cannot say that I agree with everything they state. For one thing, it is true that the people are responsible for how they use guns but not true to say that guns are not part of the problem. You cannot just get rid of people who are incapable of knowing how to treat guns correctly, but you can take away guns, so that these problems and accidents will not occur at all. In response to Dr. Kleck's survey, I would like to say that although firearms may not be the largest cause of accidents per year, but they do cause too many needless deaths, so something should be done about them. Nine hundred deaths a year may not seem like a lot of deaths to some people, but I assume it would if their child or someone they knew were one of those people. That is what everyone needs to consider. Regarding the fact that Dr. Kleck thinks that more lives would be saved by giving random drivers safety lessons and teach the average citizen common sense, I'd have to say that common sense does not have much to do with the accidents on his survey. I am sure he has tripped and fallen or choked on his food before at least once. I have, does that mean I lack common sense? I also disagree with some of the points Helen Smith made in her article. I do think she is right that the children who would use guns on fellow students have mental issues that separate them from the average child. But, again saying that guns are not part of that problem is something I would beg to differ. If the Columbine students did not have access to assault weapons such as a Tech 9 and a shotgun, I doubt the outcome would have been the same. Because these two students had these guns, several other students were killed for no reason. Knowing this, how can someone say, "It's not the guns"? Hearing the opinions of people that differ from mine bring many different questions to mind, such as why do we need guns in the first place other than in the National Guard and law enforcement? The answer is to protect ourselves, but from what? Well, other

reason vs. passion essays

reason vs. passion essays In his plays The Bacchae and Medea, Greek playwright Euripides expresses his views quite clearly on the relationship between reason and passion in human life. Euripides believes that there is a constant struggle between the two elements, and people must be able to find the proper balance in order to exist peacefully, something his characters were unable to do. He expresses, via his characters, his belief that passion dominates this struggle in most cases, and when this occurs, proper logic is skewed. The lead role in each of these plays failed to find the proper balance of passion and reason, and in failure found death. The title role in Euripides play Medea is a proud, powerful, self-driven woman who strives to avenge an act committed by her husband, Jason. As the play opens, the audience learns that Jason has recently left Medea for another woman. This crushes Medea, as she has sacrificed much for Jason, and truly believes that they are lovers meant to be together for life. She enters a long period of mourning, and becomes inconsolable by even her closest of friends. Eventually her sadness turns to anger, and she begins seeking revenge for the wrong she has been done. Medea immediately begins plotting against Jason, and devises a plan, which she believes, will hurt him in the worst possible way. She decides to kill everyone close to him, including the children they have together, and destroy any legacy that may survive him. She carefully draws out every detail of the plan, ensuring its completion. Medea is successful in this aspect, as she is able to carry out everything she plans on. H owever, she does not plan on the struggle that would accompany these acts. Medea is forced to battle not only those around her, who beg her not to take the lives of her children, but she must fight her conscience as well. In the end, Medea kills her own children. This act is an example of passion overtaking ...

Campus Safety and Alcohol Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Campus Safety and Alcohol - Essay Example They have known that alcohol use rates are very high among college students. Two of every five American college student are heavy drinkers of alcohol. In this study also they found out that male are heavy drinkers than female. White students are on the highest number while black is the lowest and Hispanics are intermediate. With this data it is very alarming to think about their safeness in campus (O'Molley, PhD & Johnston, PhD, 2005). An examination of the collective data compiled and published annually by the Chronicle of Higher Education suggests that patterns of crime on campus are similar to crime across the United States. Violent crime reports increased and property crime decreased. The number of murders fell from 17 in 1992 to 15 in 1993. The number of arrests for liquor increased suggesting increased law enforcement attention to these violations (Hoover, 2001). What are the effects of alcohol that influences our (students) acts Alcohol is organic substances derived from aliphatic hydrocarbon by the substitution of one or more Hydroxyl groups, OH, for the same number of hydrogen atoms. There are different kinds of alcohol and the kind that is considered drinkable is Ethyl alcohol. This has been known to be fermented from grape juice even in the earliest time (Universal Encyclopedia, 1996). An alcohol is rapidly absorbed by the stomach and small intestine. IT appears in the blood in five minutes and reaches its maximum concentration in two hours. Alcohol is a central nervous system depressant. It acts at many sites, including the reticular formation, spinal cord, cerebellum and cerebral cortex, and on many neurotransmitter systems. Alcohol is a very small molecule and is soluble in "lipid" and water solutions. Because of these properties, alcohol gets into the bloodstream very easily and also crosses the blood brain barrier. With this effect there will be a late response to our impulses and the drinker will be poor upon thinking straight. Here is a table that tallies the effect of alcohol (http://staff.washington.edu/chudler/alco.html, 2006). : In low doses, alcohol produces: a relaxing effect reduces tension lowers inhibitions impairs concentration slows reflexes impairs reaction time reduces coordination In medium doses, alcohol produces: slur speech cause drowsiness alter emotions In high doses, alcohol produces: vomiting breathing difficulties unconsciousness coma This research conducted a survey about campus safeness and alcohol. Below are tables that present the results (class and the researcher's result): Class results Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 Q8 Q9 Hours Q10 a 6% 15% 33% 42% 9% 34% 17% 27% 32% 0 2% b 22% 29% 7% 50% 38% 40% 42% 40% 42% 1-3 9% c 47% 29% 44% 4% 47% 16% 22% 20% 19% 4-6 36% d 25% 27% 8% 4% 4% 9% 20% 11% 5% 7-9 16% e 0% 0% 8% 0% 1% 1% 0% 1% 1% 10-14 24% 15>= 13% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Total 100% Record shows that a 50 percent says that they are reasonably safe in the campus while there are only 4 percent say not really. 40 percent also of the population said that they have to work 1-3 blocks from car to their classes. The table also showed that there are 42 percent of the students said that they drink alcohol 1-2 per week. This table will serve as the standard and bases for the results of the researcher's survey in the class. We will compare the results and analyze the difference and trends. Researcher's

Youth work as a profession Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Youth work as a profession - Essay Example According to MacDonald (2011, p. 427), a large section of the youths are not engaged in gainful employment or in mainstream income-generating activities. This situation has largely been attributed to lack or inappropriate youth policies in many countries, as well as poor implementation of youth policies. It is against this background that it is critical to have a closer look at the existing and past youth policies. More importantly, it is crucial to explore topics that relate to youth and policy and ultimately come up with sound and practical solutions to the challenges bedeviling youths of particular countries and the world at large (Chambers and Lake, 2002, p. 5). In order to create a better understanding of the youth and policy, this paper will discuss the topic of youth employment. Particularly, it will explore employment of youth and the policies surrounding employment, as well as entrepreneurship as a form of youth employment. A number of studies have shown that one of the main challenges facing the world is youth unemployment. That is why reducing youth unemployment is one of the primary concerns of most governments in the world (Chigunta, 2002, p. 18). The International Labor Organization (ILO) estimates that about 90 million young people across the world are unemployed; this accounts for about 50 percent of 186 million unemployed people in the world (Oliver and Pitt, 2011). A recent study conducted by the ILO found out that youth are three and half times more likely to be unemployed than adults. The study also approximated that about 660 million young people will be looking for work or working in 2015, this is a 7.5 percent increase over the 2003 figure (ILO, 2005). Undoubtedly, these figures demonstrate the need for employment creation that focuses on youth. Chambers and Lake (2002, p. 7) note that participation of young people in the labor market is widely considered as a means of improving their social and economic transition

Administration of medicines is a key element of nursing

Administration of medicines is a key element of nursing Drug administration forms a major part of the clinical nurses role. Medicines are prescribed by the doctor and dispensed by the pharmacist but responsibility for correct administration rests with the registered nurse (OShea 1999). So as a student nurse this became our duty and something that we practiced and become competent in carry out as explained in figure 1, we were also faced with the challenges of administering medication. Each registered nurse is accountable for his/her practice. This practice includes preparing, checking and administering medications, updating knowledge of medications, monitoring the effectiveness of treatment, reporting adverse drug reactions and teaching patients about the drugs that they receive (NMC 2008). Accountability also goes for students, if at any point I felt I wasnt competent enough to dispensing a certain drug it would be in my responsibility to speak up and let the registered nurses know, so that I could shadow them and have the opportunity to learn and then in future be able to practice and administer. The reflective model I have chosen to use is Gibbs model (Gibbs 1988). Gibbs model of reflection incorporates the following: description, feelings, evaluation, and conclusion. (Gibbs 1988). The model will be applied to the essay to facilitate critical thought, relating theory to practice where the model allows. Discussion will include the knowledge underpinning practice and the evidence base for the clinical skill, that I have learnt and supporting this with current literature. The first stage of Gibbs (1988) model of reflection requires a description of events. I was asked to administer a drug to a patient. I had observed this clinical skill on a variety of occasions and had previously administered medication under supervision. On this occasion I was being observed by two qualified nurses, one of which was my mentor. The drug had been dispensed and was ready to be administered and the patient consented to have a student administer the medication. My mentor was talking me through the procedure step by step, and informed me that they have struggled with this patient and her compliance with medication before so I should keep an out and ensure that she swallows her medication and that she not keeping it her mouth. The Medication that this patient is on is Clozapine. Clozapine is indicated for patients with treatment resistant schizophrenia, or those who are unable to benefit from other antipsychotic medicine, as they cannot tolerate the side effects. The decision to use clozapine is not taken lightly because of the potentially life threatening side effect of neutropaenia, which requires regular blood tests to ensure its safe use. In addition, there is the risk of developing paralytic ileus and some cardiac abnormalities. (WLMT). In addition to that statement if a patient on clozapine white blood cells count falls below accepted lower limit are classified as Red alerts medication must be withdrawn, and any other prescriber in the future wishing to restart medication are aware of the patients haemotological history. Adverse drug reactions are the main limiting factor on using anti-psychotics, for this reason prescribers should keep dosages to a minimum required for efficacy starting at a low dose with gradual upward titration. An awareness of side effects is important to primary care practitioners because they have most contact with the patients, patients with long term monitoring falls within their remit. Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic, and atypical anti-psychotics are considered of choice both accurately and for maintenance in schizophrenia. Clozapine holds a unique position among the atypical due to its ability to improve negative as well as positive symptoms (delusions, hallucinations). (Morris, D) . During the process of administering anti-psychotics I learnt that using anti-psychotics is just a component of a holistic approach to the patient with psychotic illness and that care should also include psychological treatments and social care. The patient at such does not have any issue with the drug it self but with the staff, as she is in a very psychotic state she is very paranoid and non compliant with medication this is closely monitored by staff and as stated in figure 1 I have to prompt her to ensure that medication is complied with. Service users have requested strategies from services providers to manage the risk of using psychiatric medication to inform their choice about which psychiatric medication to use. (DOH 1999). However evidence suggests that, there is choice, but generally by practitioner experience. (Hamann et al. 2005). In non compliance of medication I had to encourage the patient to make their choice to take the medications and that it was in their care plan a nd apart of their treatment. A nurse who has built a good relationship with a patient by informing and empowering them will be in a strong position to have a non judgmental conversation with them about the importance of adherence. (Mc Lellan. A 2009). I am now going to enter into the second stage of Gibbs (1988) model of reflection, which is a discussion about my thoughts and feelings. I was aware of being under the supervision of two qualified nurses and this made me feel very nervous and self conscious and I had to ensure that I was doing everything correctly and that I made no errors. Once my mentor questioned my practice, concerning if I knew the side effects of the drug I was about to administer, I became even more aware of feeling nervous and under pressure. The patient was present and I did not want the patient to feel that I did not know what I was doing. So I had to ensure before administering that I was giving the medication to the right patient and at the correct dose that it was at the right time and route. All of these had to be done to guarantee that I am competent in my ability to administer medication under the supervision of a registered nurse. This also gave me the opportunity to carry out this task in order to a chieve this so I could get it signed off by my mentor in my essentials skills cluster. The nurse patient relationship is by many considered the core of nursing; this can be done to build a good relationship and rapport with patients. (Framer.J.Kramer.S, 2001). When I was first orientated to the ward, I took it upon myself to read the patients notes so that I had little insight to the patients and their illness and index offences if any. After this I went and introduced myself to the patients because its vital that the patients are aware of who I am and my status if I am to provide nursing care for them. (Berlo 1960) puts great emphasis on dyadic communication, therefore stressing the role of the relationship between the source and the receiver as an important variable in the communication process. So to provide patients with adequate care its important that there is effective communication, that the patients is aware of everything, and that the nurse provides care and compassion in the delivery of care. There is evidence that our ability to use language actually affect s the thoughts themselves, the words we can command, and the way that we put them together affects: what we think how we think whether we are thinking So as a student nurse I was made aware that words can have an impact on care provided and the way in which these words are delivered can have an even greater impact. As explained in figure 1, when I was admitting a patient on to the ward I had to make certain that I was communicating effectively, making certain that I was delivering information in ways that were easy to understand refraining from uses of jargon, and that I was showing compassion to the patient as this could be a time of high anxiety for them, reassuring them that they are in great hands and offering them tea were among the things I did to exercise my care and compassion skill. so my main aim was to make the care of people your first concern, treating them as individuals and respecting their dignity, and working with others to protect and promote the health and well being of those in my care, their families and careers, and the wider community. (NMC 2008). However I tried to use different forms of communication to con vey information from my patients, for instance as stated in figure 1, when I had my 1-1 personal time with my patient I would use (Bein and Miller 1992) the use of open and ended questions and active listening, so that I could comprehend everything I was being told so that when I came round to me providing comprehensive and accurate written report based they would reflect everything that was being. Studies show that during interpersonal communication only 7% of the message is verbally communicated by the words used. Â  Of the 93% non-verbal communication: As a result I learnt to pick up non verbal signals Even if someone decides to say nothing they are still communicating (effective communication skills). All of which skills I can adopt to engage with patients and to help with my development in nursing. Evaluation is the third stage of Gibbs (1988 ), here I will the explain the importance of administering medication and how this combined with care, compassion and communication forms the bases of a holistic approach to care, and with the knowledge I got from supporting literature formed the foundation of my learning and practice. Burnard (2002) suggests that a learner is a passive recipient of received knowledge, and that learning through activity engages all of our senses.

Competition in Energy Drinks Essay

1. What are the strategically relevant components of the global and U. S. beverage industry macro-environment? How do the economic characteristics of the alternative beverage segment of the industry differ from that of other beverage categories? Explain. Demographics: The total sale for beverages in 2009 in the US was about 458. 3 billion gallons and it is one of the largest markets with dollar value of 1,581. 7 billion in 2009 and with a forecast of $1,775. 3 billion for 2014. 48. 2 percent of industry sales were from carbonated soft drinks and 29. 2 percent of bottle water industry sales. In 2009, The Alternative beverage industry included sports drinks, flavored or enhanced water and energy drinks made up 4%, 1. 6%, and 1. 2% of industry sales respectively. The global market for alternative beverages in 2009 was $40. 2 billion, while it was $17 billion for alternative beverages in US market. It was $ 12. 7 billion and $9. 1 billion for Asia pacific and European markets respectively. Market growth: The market growth has huge potential with the dollar value of the global market for alternative beverages grew at a 9. 8% annually between 2005 and 2009, but was expected to slow down to 5. 7% annually between 2010 and 2014. US is the country which has strongest growth internationally in term of alternative beverage sales with an annual growth rate of 16. 6% between 2005 and 2009 and a forecasted growth rate of 6. 7% between 2010 and 2014. Europe and Asia-Pacific grew at annual rates of 5. 3% and 5. 6% between 2005 and 2009 and were expected to grow at a rate of 4. 4% and 5. 1% respectively between 2010 and 2014. However poor economic conditions in the US in 2008 and 2009 led to a 12. 3% decline in sports drink sales and a 12. 5% decline in flavored and vitamin waters sales. It was also the reason why energy drinks sales increased only 0. 2% between those years. Rivalry between competitors: Coca Cola, Pepsico and Redbull are the three big players that made the industry rivalry become global. However, there were hundreds of brands like Otsuko which were specialty yet regional brands that did not have a foot print internationally but were doing well in their own terms. Beverage producers had made various attempts at increasing the size of the market for alternative beverages by extending existing product lines and developing altogether new products. Social Forces: * Global beverage companies such as Coca Cola and PepsiCo had relied on such beverages to sustain in volume growth in mature markets where consumers were reducing their consumption of carbonated soft drinks. * Expanding the market for alternatives beverages and increasing sales and market share, beverage producers also were forced to content with criticism from some that energy drinks, energy shots, and relaxation drinks presented health risks for consumers and that some producers’ strategies promoted reckless behavior, the primary concern of most producers of energy drinks, sports drinks, and vitamin-enhanced beverages was how to best improve their competitive standing in the market place. Driving Forces for this industry: * Expanding Market share. * Desire to reach out to Consumer needs and meet the demand * Personalization of the Market Segments * Branding * Market Size * Maximization of Growth Potential General Economic Conditions: * Global growth is projected to grow at 3. 5 percent in 2012, then accelerate somewhat to 3. 6 percent from 2013-2014. In 2012 It is expected that emerging economies will be slow in growth by 0. 7 percentage points on average, going from 6. 3 percent growth in 2011 to 5. 6 percent in 2012, partly as a result of slower export growth and partly because several of them have been growing above trend and the GDP Growth for the world is predicted to be at 3. 6. Things look a little slow but are picking up slowly and there is no recession in sight so far. This could really help the industries like Food, Beverages, Health surge ahead like they already are into the market with more percentage of market share and consumer usage based on the increasing numbers in the trend. Impact of Economic Factors: * Demand on beverages and alternative beverages should remain incremental or stable * Branded alternative beverages with national and international presence should do well * Business opportunities should be encouraged with fair and encouraging interest rates 2. What is competition like in the alternative beverage industry? Which of the five competitive forces is strongest? Which is weakest? What competitive forces seem to have the greatest effect on industry attractiveness and the potential profitability of new entrants? The Beverage industry is highly competitive and the segments that come into picture when it comes to competition are Distribution, Shelf management, Licenses, Brand name and Image, Pricing, Labeling and Packaging, Marketing and Advertising, Quality and taste, Trade and Consumer promotions and Branding. * Competition with non-alcoholic beverages * Competition with Carbonated beverages * Competition with regional beverage producers and private label soft drink suppliers * Competition in maintenance of distribution network * Competition on quality and pricing * Competition on Branding, Labeling, Marketing, Packaging and Promotions. Bargaining power of Buyers: Strong * Convenience store, grocery store, and wholesale buyers had considerable leverage in negotiating pricing and slotting fees with alternative beverage producers because of their bulk purchases. * New entrants with comparatively lower market shares are most affected with this like how it is mentioned in the case where the shelf space is limited to top brands like Coke, PepsiCo and Red bull for that particular market segment. The larger brands like coke and Pepsi also already have spaces worked out with them for their other products and this makes it easier for the bigger brands to get their newer products in the shelf’s too. * Delis and restaurants have low switching costs to other brands but they have less volumes compared to stores and less space, shelfs etc.and also will not have the same bargaining power that a store enjoys. * Demand is highly dynamic Bargaining Power of Suppliers: Weak * Suppliers for alternative beverages do exist in huge numbers and the competition is high * The producers of alternative beverages are important customers of suppliers and buy in large quantities. * Packaging is readily available Threat of Substitutes: Medium * Many substitutes like tea, bottled water, juices, nutrition water etc. have surfaced but the market is not as big as alternative beverages and this customer preference had weakened the competitive power of substitute beverages. * Many substitutes that can quench the thirst of the consumers * Price point of substitutes is less compared to alternative beverages Threat of New entrants: Weak * Brand leaders already exist in the industry with competitive prices and well established distribution system * Convenience stores and Shelves across the stores are already in partnership with existing big-wigs * Customer loyalty towards branded products is high * Need for large financial resources and funds * High Brand equity for already existing and successful brands Threat of Rivalry: Strong. * Competition centers among major brands based on brand image, appealing taste, packaging, R&D, Marketing and Distribution capabilities * Attempts by all the brands to increase the number and types of products in their product line * Low switching costs for the consumers of the industry * Strong marketing campaigns by each brand to gain customer loyalty The Bargaining power of consumers and rivalry that exists between the competitions in this industry contributes to the attractiveness of the industry. The numbers are promising, the industry is dynamic and increase in demand each year. The factors that affect the potential profitability of the new entrants are the Brand image, Distribution network and Product line breadth. 3) How is the market for energy drinks, sports drinks and vitamin-enhanced beverages changing? What are the underlying drivers of change and how might those forces individually or collectively make the industry more or less attractive? * Driving forces of the alternative beverage industry are dependent on the creating/sustaining market demand, dynamics of the growth rate and product innovation. * Industry leaders established: Segments within the alternative beverage industry have consolidated as markets have matured and leaders have been established. Red Bull GmbH and Hansen Natural Corporation remained independent in 2010, Coca-Cola controlled such brands as Powerade sports drink, Fuze vitamin-enhanced beverages, glaceau vitamin water and NOS. In addition, Coca-Cola distributed Hansen’s Monster energy drink in parts of the United States, Canada, and six European countries. * Changes in Long term Growth Rate: The recession had an impact on sales of sports drinks and flavored or enhanced water and has stalled growth in the market for energy drinks; there was also growing market maturity for most categories of alternative beverages. The annual rate of growth for the dollar value of the global market for alternative beverages was forecasted to decline from the 9. 8 percent annual rate occurring between 2005 and 2009 to an anticipated annual rate of 5. 7 percent for 2010 through 2014. While dollar value growth rates were expected to decline only slightly in Europe and Asia-Pacific, the annual rate of growth in the U. S. was projected to decline from 16. 6 percent during 2005 – 2009 to 6. 7 percent between 2010 and 2014 * Product Innovation: The industry is continuing to evolve with introduction of new products that enable rise of new category of products. The recent introduction of energy shots is an example of how an innovation that has given rise to an altogether new sub-segment in the industry. * The creation of new product segments, the increasing positive trends in growth rate and increasing market share for each product are a good indication and good drivers of change that increase the attractiveness of the market for an emergent industry. 4) What does your strategic group map of the energy drink, sports drink, and vitamin-enhanced beverage industry look like? Which strategic groups do you think are in the best positions? The worst positions? The strategic group maps show the industry participants competing with axes of Geographic foot print and Brand. The Map shows that Industry giants like Coke and Pepsico are positioned strongest in the industry due to already existing contracts, supply chain, distribution network and shelf spaces in retail spaces. * Red Bull is seeing a successful brand in Europe and the U. S. * Hansen’s Monster is also doing good standing up to the other market giants with distribution partnership with coke giving it the required space and opportunity to grab the market and hence can be considered at a favorable position. * Rock star has also been at a favorable position due to the same reason of distribution network partnership with PepsiCo * Companies with a single brand and regional distribution like Otsuko, Vitamin water etc. appeared to be at an unfavorable place with chances of competition gulping the market share of the small players very soon. 5) What key factors determine the success of alternative beverage producers? The Key success factors for Alternative Beverage producers are * Constant Product Innovation: A company must be able to identify what a consumer is looking for and also maintain the ability to adapt with the changing market trends. They must be able to keep up and not lag behind. * Price: Price is always a factors in many cases and in this case consumers with a low brand preference will buy a product based on its competitive pricing * Brand Loyalty: Consumers are particular about what brand they purchase and they stick to it in most of the cases. This stresses for a superior brand image and quality * Distribution system: Probably one of the most important, Effective distribution channels will not only help reduce costs but also helps a company remain competitive. * Size and Scale: Successful alternative beverage producers were required to have sufficient sales volumes to keep marketing expenses at an acceptable cost per unit basis. 6) What recommendations would you make to Coca-Cola to improve its competitiveness in the global alternative beverage industry? To PepsiCo? To Red Bull GmbH? Recommendations to Pepsi. * Pepsico have to launch a major image building campaign for the most promising products it has. * Pepsico also needs to develop its own energy shot brand try to convince Rockstar to add an energy shot to its distribution agreement. * In addition, Pepsi should negotiate for distribution rights to European and Asia-Pacific market with Rockstar or launch its energy drink brands in attractive international markets. * PepsiCo can expand its foot print and focus on other international markets in energy drinks for more international presence and to utilize the demand of a branded and standard product. * Red Bull is currently the number in the energy drinks category and they should really take advantage of that and come up with more product line extensions and more products so people can identify with that brand and try other products too. They should focus more on product innovation and product line extensions. Recommendations to Coca Cola * Coca cola should improve its product by innovating and building up good image to recapture the market share it lost in energy drinks category. * Coca cola should also try to create more rapid growth in vitamin-enhanced beverages and energy shots product. * Coke should focus on products and Branding efforts to gain market and regain lost market share in energy drinks * It should build up its strength in term of alternative beverage sales in by pursuing acquisitions and focus on building its strength of sales in Asia and react quickly to solve the problem of lacking competitiveness in the European market for alternative beverages. * Coca cola can use a combination of new flavors and formulations, brands, line extensions, improved image building, and distribution capabilities to increase sales of alternative beverages internationally. Recommendations to Red Bull GmbH * Redbull should improve the performance of its recently introduced energy shots and continue to expand into rapidly growing country markets for energy drinks. * It is necessary for the company to maintain its lead in the U. S. and European energy drink market with additional product line extensions based upon product innovation. * It should develop sports drinks or vitamin-enhanced beverages that can further exploit the appeal of the Red Bull brand 7. Using the data in Ex. 11, 12, 13 compare Pepsi, Coke, and Hansen. Who has been the most profitable? Who has better managed their expenses? Which business has shown the most growth? Which of the three would you give the strongest grade for their performance? * Using the data from Exhibit 11,12 and 13 for Coke, Pepsi and Hansen, Hansen seems to be the most profitable so far as it became the largest seller of energy drink in the US by leading most of alternative beverage categories. PepsiCo’s global market share in 2009 was 26. 5 percent, overcome by 11. 5 percent to Coca-Cola. The Coca Cola has better managed their expenses it was the third-largest seller of alternative beverage and in the top five best-selling non-alcoholic beverages worldwide in 2009. But they have lot of catching up to do. I would give the strongest grade for performance to Hansen for its market share, range of products, product innovation and distribution strategies. Hansen also managed to have higher revenue growth and higher cash flow growth. Net Revenue| 2007| 2008| 2009| CAGR| Pepsi| 39374| 43251| 43232| 3. 17%| Coca Cola| 28857| 31944| 30990| 3. 40%| Hansen| 904465| 1033780| 1143299| 4. 50%| | | | | | | | | | | Net Income| 2007| 2008| 2009| CAGR| Pepsi| 5674| 5166| 5979| 1. 76%| Coca Cola| 5981| 5807| 6824| 4. 49%| Hansen| 149,406| 108032| 208716| 11. 70%| | | | | | | | | | | Operating profit| 2007| 2008| 2009| CAGR| Pepsi| 7182| 6959| 8044| 3. 85%| Coca Cola| 18451| 20570| 19902| 2. 55%| Hansen| 230986| 163591| 337309| 13. 40%| The company growth rate analysis of the three companies in terms of revenue, income and profit show that Hansen has higher percentage of growth rate well above the industry average. Hansen has greater revenues in the industry segment and higher customer demand and financial success.

Human Health Essay

Health in human beings includes physical, social and psychological well being or fitness. Changing weather patterns, for instance, extreme events affects human health directly or indirectly through changes in air, food quality and quantity, ecosystem agriculture, livelihood and infrastructure. Research on effects of climate change Confalonieri et al provided evidence climate change has; altered distribution of some infectious disease vectors altered the seasonal distribution of allergenic pollen species and increases heat wave-related deaths (2007). Seriousness of the effects of climate change is further manifested by increase in malnutrition and consequence disorders, including disorders related to child growth and development, increase in death, diseases, and body injury from heat waves, storms, fires and drought. As climate change, some infectious disease vector has change too; this has made them more resistant to traditional drugs. The change has also lend to mixed effects on malaria, in some places, the geographical range has contracted while in other places the range has expand and still in others the transmission season has changed. Transmission of water borne diseases like typhoid and cholera increases. The research has also proved an increase in cardio respiratory morbidity and mortality associated with ground level ozone. Non –communicable diseases, such as heart disease diabetes stroke and cancer are estimated to contribute about half of the global burden of all disease at all ages. Despite this, communicable diseases affecting human health are a great threat to public health in many parts of the world. According to the report, almost two million deaths a year are feared to result from diarrheal diseases and other communicable diseases and other conditions that are attributed to unsafe drinking water and lack of basic sanitation. Malaria, a disease whose geographical rage is affected by climate causes an estimated one million deaths annually especially in young children. Mal-nutrition and drought leading to adverse negative effects on human health, is greatly attributed to climate change. In the report, it is estimated that an increase in frequency or intensity of heat waves will increase the risk of mortality and morbidity, especially in old age group and the urban poor. An increase in climate extremes, for instance storm, floods and drought would cause more deaths injuries, population displacement and adverse effects on food production, fresh water availability and an increase in the risk of infectious disease particularly in low income countries. Considering the current trends of emissions to continue, more harm will be done to the environment; air quality will worsen, ozone and other particulate pollutants will increase, increasing mortality and morbidity amongst human beings. From the report, a clear relationship between climate and human health is described, but in it is common knowledge that disease have been here as long as man has existed. It is therefore important to consider and see climate change as a catalyst and not necessary the cause of ill health in human beings. Despite this, more understanding of the extent, rate, limiting forces and major drivers of adaptation of human population to a changing climate is needed. This will reduce the impacts of climate change on human health.

Shocking Principles Terrifified Victorian Readers in The...

The sophisticatedly-constructed novel ‘The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde’ was devised in 1886, during the revolutionary Victorian era, by the author, Robert Louis Stevenson. Stevenson developed a desire to write in his early life and ‘Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde’ cemented his reputation. The novel is widely known for its shocking principles that terrified and alarmed the Victorian readers. ‘Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde’ plays with the idea of the dual nature of man, his two identities. On the surface, Dr Jekyll is a conventional, Victorian gentleman, but below the surface lurks the primitive, satanic-like creature of Mr Edward Hyde. One of the elements that play a significant part in the novel is setting. Stevenson subtly uses the setting to†¦show more content†¦Powerful adjectives such as ‘blistered’ and ‘distained’ (disease decay bit etc). The creation of mysteriousness and tension is crucial to the Gothic genre. However, the front of Jekyll’s house ‘wore a great air of wealth and comfort, though it was plunged in darkness’, which shows that evil was not far away from good and this creates tension and the image that evil is fighting good in a chaotic battle. In addition to this, Stevenson splits up the locations to symbolise the good and evil. The main house shows a typical, Victorian structure. However, the laboratory and the cabinet represent the evilness behind the shield of normality. The cabinet is very significant in the novel, as it is locked until the final chapter, when Mr Utterson and Poole break down the door. It is found to contain the ‘cheval-glass’ (the mirror), in which Jekyll would watch himself transform into the repulsive figure of Hyde. Hyde’s apartment was set in Soho, a very sleazy, corrupted part of London at the time. Living in Soho links Hyde was the lowest levels of society: prostitutes, foreigners and primitive, immoral behaviour. Also, Soho had eerie weather- ‘a great chocolate-coloured pall lowered over heaven’, representing the malicious crimes being committed and the blocking out of God. This reflects the mysterious, depraved attributes of Hyde’s